The biochemistry and molecular biology of neuronal structure and activity, characterization of each neurotransmitter system.
The aim of the Neurochemistry course is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical and molecular foundations of neuronal structure and activity, focusing on how molecular processes shape the function of the nervous system. The course explores the organization and dynamics of neurons at the cellular and subcellular levels, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms that underlie neuronal signaling, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. A central component of the curriculum is the detailed characterization of each neurotransmitter system, including classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, and glutamate, as well as neuropeptides and unconventional signaling molecules. Through this, students will gain insight into the biosynthesis, storage, release, receptor interactions, and inactivation of neurotransmitters, and how these processes are regulated under physiological and pathological conditions. By integrating biochemical, molecular, and neurophysiological perspectives, the course aims to develop a deep understanding of how chemical signaling governs brain function, behavior, and the molecular basis of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
By the end of the course, the learner will be able to:
Explain the biochemical and molecular principles underlying neuronal structure and activity;
Describe the synthesis, storage, release, receptor interactions, and degradation of major neurotransmitters;
Compare and distinguish between different neurotransmitter systems and their roles in neural communication;
Interpret how molecular and biochemical mechanisms regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity;
Analyze the relationship between neurochemical processes and neurological or psychiatric disorders;
Apply biochemical and molecular biology concepts to the understanding of nervous system function and dysfunction.
A basic understanding of molecular biology, cell biology, and anatomy is required for successful participation in this course. Students are expected to be familiar with the fundamental concepts of cellular structure and function, biomolecular interactions, and the organization of the nervous system, as these form the foundation for understanding neurochemical processes.
Recommended literature: Basic Neurochemistry. Principles of Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Neurobiology by Scott T. Brady, George J. Siegel, R. Wayne Albers and Donald L. Price
The course will consist primarily of lectures, where the main theoretical concepts and biochemical mechanisms of neurochemistry will be presented and discussed. Throughout the semester, students will complete written exams to evaluate their understanding of the material covered in class. At the end of the semester, students will take an oral examination, which will assess their ability to integrate and articulate the key topics of the course in a comprehensive and coherent manner.
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